Periodization Introduction

“Originates from period – which is a portion or division of time into smaller easy to manage segments, called phases of training.”
Bompa, Tudor O.
Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training, 4th Ed. 1999.

Periodization refers to the “planned” manipulation of acute variables of training throughout a series of specific training phases or cycles.

Periodization is a progressive training plan that can be extrapolated out to any point in the future. Although Periodization can also be applied to any program that has more than one stage or focus, it is simply a long-term training plan. Periodization is critical as it aims to manipulate the training effect over time and of course, time is largely the critical factor upon which the training effect is dependent.

While the topic of periodization seems to confuse many, it is nothing more than a series of logical phases of training allowing for the correct progression of training stimuli to suit the development of the individual.

Importance of Periodization:

Periodization is hugely important as it impacts on the training process. If consistent and long-term development of the individual is desired then Periodization must be understood and applied. Periodization is a system that manages and guides the training process. A frame work can be designed over the time period concerned and then the details filled it an a later date, however without this initial frame work the direction of the program is not adequately established.

  1. A management system to guide the training process.
  2. Monitors the training response and rate of progress of the client.
  3. Ensures a positive training effect over the long term.
  4. Ensures readiness for activity/competition (peaking).
  5. Forms a foundation from which to guide future training plans.

The use of periodization is dictated by several training elements:

  1. Physiological adaptation to training
  2. Peak performance
  3. Skill development
  4. Biomotor Abilities
  5. Psychological qualities
  6. Climatic conditions

Competitive and Non-Competitive Periodization:

The annual plan is often developed to optimize specific competitions or competitive season.

Not all individuals are in a competitive scenario therefore the development of the annual plan would based on other outcomes or specific targets/goals.