Podal Ocular System

Exteroception

  • Retinal vision

Proprioception

  • Extraocular muscles

The retinal vision

Foveal vision

Provides specific information to allow us to achieve action goals, e.g.

  1. For reaching and grasping an object – specific characteristic info, e.g. size, shape, required to prepare, move, and grasp object
  2. For walking on a pathway – specific pathway info needed to stay on the pathway

Peripheral vision

  1. Detects info beyond the central vision limits
  2. Provides info about the environmental context and the moving limb(s)
  3. Gives a general impression of the situation

The extraocular muscles physiology

Medial Rectus (MR)

  • Moves the eye inward, toward the nose (adduction)

Lateral Rectus (LR)

  • Moves the eye outward, away from the nose (abduction)

Superior Rectus (SR)

  • Primarily moves the eye upward (elevation)

Inferior Rectus (IR)

  • Primarily moves the eye downward (depression)
  • Secondarily rotates the top of the eye away from the nose (extorsion)

Superior Oblique (SO)

  • Primarily rotates the top of the eye toward the nose (intorsion) * secondarily moves the eye downward (depression)

Inferior Oblique (IO)

  • Primarily rotates the top of the eye away from the nose (extorsion) * secondarily moves the eye upward (elevation)

The extraocular muscles constantly inform the brain to the position of the eyeball.

Cervico ocular reflex stabilize the image on the retina.